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# China Economy

> China economic indicators: GDP $19.50T, inflation 0.5%, policy rate 3.0%. 41 official series with history to 1957, from national and… Updated Aug 2026.

## Indicators

| Indicator | Last | Date | Previous | Highest | Lowest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Business Confidence | -0.40 | Aug 2026 | -1.60 | 18.40 (Apr 2008) | -28.60 (Feb 2020) |
| Composite Leading Indicator | 98.57 | Jun 2026 | 98.60 | 106 (Sep 2007) | 85.53 (Mar 2020) |
| Consumer Confidence | 89.20 | Jul 2026 | 89.40 | 127 (Feb 2021) | 85.50 (Nov 2022) |
| Age-dependency ratio | 43.5% | Dec 2025 | 44.2% | 82.3% (Dec 1966) | 37.2% (Dec 2010) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.01 births per woman | Dec 2024 | 1.00 births per woman | 7.51 births per woman (Dec 1963) | 1.00 births per woman (Dec 2023) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 78.02 years | Dec 2024 | 77.95 years | 78.20 years (Dec 2022) | 33.42 years (Dec 1960) |
| Total population | 1406.6M | Dec 2025 | 1409.0M | 1412.4M (Dec 2021) | 660.3M (Dec 1961) |
| Working-age population | 980.1M | Dec 2025 | 976.8M | 988.4M (Dec 2015) | 370.9M (Dec 1961) |
| Current account % GDP | 3.8% | Dec 2025 | 2.5% | 9.8% (Dec 2007) | -3.7% (Dec 1985) |
| Current Account Goods | $247.5B | Mar 2026 | $310.3B | $310.3B (Dec 2025) | $11.7B (Mar 2020) |
| Current Account Services | $-59.6B | Mar 2026 | $-48.5B | $2.3B (Jun 2008) | $-80.9B (Sep 2018) |
| External Debt | $2.42T | Dec 2024 | $2.45T | $2.72T (Dec 2021) | $5.8B (Dec 1981) |
| FDI inflows | $80.0B | Dec 2025 | $42.6B | $344.1B (Dec 2021) | $80,000 (Dec 1979) |
| Gold Reserves | $306.4B | Jul 2026 | $303.7B | $387.6B (Feb 2026) | $59.2B (Jul 2015) |
| Personal remittances, received | $30.0B | Dec 2025 | $25.0B | $33.1B (Dec 2015) | $188.9M (Dec 1989) |
| Tourism Revenues | $15.2B | Mar 2026 | $17.0B | $17.0B (Dec 2025) | $1.8B (Jun 2020) |
| CO2 emissions | 13,125 Mt CO₂ | Dec 2024 | 13,021 Mt CO₂ | 13,125 Mt CO₂ (Dec 2024) | 912 Mt CO₂ (Dec 1970) |
| Energy use per capita | 2,851 kg oil eq. per capita | Dec 2023 | 2,676 kg oil eq. per capita | 2,851 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 2023) | 741 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 1991) |
| Budget balance % GDP | -7.9% | Dec 2025 | -7.1% | 0.9% (Dec 1985) | -9.6% (Dec 2020) |
| Government debt % GDP | 99.2% | Dec 2025 | 90.4% | 99.2% (Dec 2025) | 20.4% (Dec 1997) |
| Military expenditure | 1.7% | Dec 2024 | 1.7% | 2.5% (Dec 1990) | 1.6% (Dec 2021) |
| Military expenditure, current USD | $313.7B | Dec 2024 | $296.8B | $313.7B (Dec 2024) | $9.8B (Dec 1991) |
| Government Spending to GDP | 32.9% | Dec 2025 | 32.9% | 34.8% (Dec 2020) | 11.0% (Dec 1996) |
| Tax revenue % GDP | 7.0% | Dec 2024 | 7.6% | 10.2% (Dec 2011) | 7.0% (Dec 2024) |
| Policy / benchmark interest rate | 3.0% | Aug 2026 | 3.0% | 12.1% (Apr 1996) | 3.0% (Aug 2026) |
| Private credit / GDP | 194.3% | Dec 2024 | 189.6% | 194.3% (Dec 2024) | 49.7% (Dec 1979) |
| Official / period-average FX vs USD | 6.74 per USD | Aug 2026 | 6.78 per USD | 8.70 per USD (Mar 1994) | 1.45 per USD (Jul 1980) |
| Foreign-exchange reserves (ex-gold) | $3.79T | Jul 2026 | $3.79T | $3.88T (Feb 2026) | $3.09T (Jan 2017) |
| GDP, current prices, USD | $19.50T | Dec 2025 | $18.73T | $19.50T (Dec 2025) | $47.3B (Dec 1962) |
| Full-Year GDP Growth | 5.0% | Dec 2025 | 5.0% | 15.2% (Dec 1984) | 2.3% (Dec 2020) |
| GDP per capita, PPP | Int$29,333 | Dec 2025 | Int$27,140 | Int$29,333 (Dec 2025) | Int$991 (Dec 1990) |
| GDP per capita, current USD | $13,862 | Dec 2025 | $13,293 | $13,862 (Dec 2025) | $71 (Dec 1962) |
| GDP, PPP, international $ | Int$41.26T | Dec 2025 | Int$38.24T | Int$41.26T (Dec 2025) | Int$1.12T (Dec 1990) |
| Real GDP growth, YoY | 8.6% | Jun 2026 | 9.5% | 20.5% (Mar 2021) | -6.8% (Mar 2020) |
| Inflation rate, CPI YoY | 0.5% | Jul 2026 | 1.0% | 27.7% (Oct 1994) | -2.2% (May 1999) |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 | 5.63 per 1,000 people | Dec 2023 | 5.38 per 1,000 people | 5.63 per 1,000 people (Dec 2023) | 1.44 per 1,000 people (Dec 1965) |
| Health expenditure % GDP | 5.9% | Dec 2023 | 5.9% | 5.9% (Dec 2023) | 3.6% (Dec 2007) |
| ICT goods exports, % of goods exports | 21.3% | Dec 2024 | 21.3% | 30.5% (Dec 2005) | 17.5% (Dec 2000) |
| ICT service exports, % of service exports | 19.1% | Dec 2025 | 19.8% | 19.8% (Dec 2024) | 0.3% (Dec 1987) |
| Research & development expenditure % GDP | 2.6% | Dec 2023 | 2.5% | 2.6% (Dec 2023) | 0.6% (Dec 1996) |
| High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports | 26.3% | Dec 2024 | 26.6% | 32.2% (Dec 2010) | 26.3% (Dec 2024) |

## Full detail pages

- [Business Confidence](/china/business-confidence.md)
- [Composite Leading Indicator](/china/composite-leading-indicator.md)
- [Consumer Confidence](/china/consumer-confidence.md)
- [Age Dependency Ratio](/china/age-dependency-ratio.md)
- [Fertility Rate](/china/total-fertility-rate.md)
- [Life Expectancy](/china/life-expectancy-at-birth.md)
- [Population](/china/population.md)
- [Working-Age Population](/china/working-age-population.md)
- [Current Account to GDP](/china/current-account-pct-gdp.md)
- [Current Account Goods](/china/current-account-goods.md)
- [Current Account Services](/china/current-account-services.md)
- [External Debt](/china/external-debt.md)
- [FDI Inflows](/china/fdi-inflows.md)
- [Gold Reserves](/china/gold-reserves.md)
- [Remittances](/china/personal-remittances-received.md)
- [Tourism Revenues](/china/tourism-revenues.md)
- [CO2 Emissions](/china/co2-emissions.md)
- [Energy Use per Capita](/china/energy-use-per-capita.md)
- [Government Budget](/china/budget-balance-pct-gdp.md)
- [Government Debt to GDP](/china/government-debt-to-gdp.md)
- [Military Expenditure](/china/military-expenditure.md)
- [Military Expenditure (USD)](/china/military-expenditure-usd.md)
- [Government Spending to GDP](/china/government-spending-to-gdp.md)
- [Tax Revenue to GDP](/china/tax-revenue-pct-gdp.md)
- [Interest Rate](/china/interest-rate.md)
- [Private Credit to GDP](/china/private-credit-gdp.md)
- [Exchange Rate](/china/exchange-rate.md)
- [Foreign Exchange Reserves](/china/foreign-exchange-reserves.md)
- [GDP](/china/gdp.md)
- [Full-Year GDP Growth](/china/full-year-gdp-growth.md)
- [GDP per Capita PPP](/china/gdp-per-capita-ppp.md)
- [GDP per Capita](/china/gdp-per-capita-current-usd.md)
- [GDP PPP](/china/gdp-ppp-international.md)
- [GDP Growth Rate](/china/gdp-growth-rate.md)
- [Inflation Rate](/china/inflation-rate.md)
- [Hospital Beds](/china/hospital-beds-per-1-000.md)
- [Health Expenditure](/china/health-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [ICT Goods Exports](/china/ict-goods-exports-share.md)
- [ICT Service Exports](/china/ict-service-exports-share.md)
- [R&D Expenditure](/china/rd-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [High-Tech Exports](/china/high-tech-exports-share.md)

## FAQ

**What is the current inflation rate in China?**

China's consumer price inflation is 0.5% year-on-year as of Jul 2026.

**How big is China's economy?**

China's nominal GDP was $19.50T in 2025.

**Where does this data come from?**

We use primary economic sources for every country. See our methodology page for how we source and verify it.

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Full history via API: `GET https://api.economicsapi.com/v1/history?country=china&indicator={indicator}`. Same data as an MCP tool, one per indicator.