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# Germany Economy

> Germany economic indicators: GDP $5.05T, inflation 2.8%, unemployment 4.0%, policy rate 2.3%. 52 official series with history to 1956, from… Updated Aug 2026.

## Indicators

| Indicator | Last | Date | Previous | Highest | Lowest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Business Confidence | -11.00 | Aug 2026 | -12.90 | 24.10 (Sep 2021) | -42.00 (Mar 2009) |
| Composite Leading Indicator | 101 | Jun 2026 | 101 | 104 (May 1969) | 90.77 (Apr 2020) |
| Consumer Confidence | -12.70 | Aug 2026 | -13.80 | 2.30 (Feb 2018) | -28.00 (Sep 2022) |
| Retail Sales MoM | -3.4% | Jul 2026 | 0.0% | 11.5% (May 2020) | -9.7% (Jan 2021) |
| Retail Sales YoY | -2.5% | Jul 2026 | 0.7% | 14.0% (Jan 2022) | -7.6% (Jan 2023) |
| Age-dependency ratio | 60.2% | Dec 2025 | 59.0% | 60.2% (Dec 2025) | 43.8% (Dec 1986) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.36 births per woman | Dec 2024 | 1.39 births per woman | 2.54 births per woman (Dec 1964) | 1.24 births per woman (Dec 1994) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 80.79 years | Dec 2024 | 81.04 years | 81.29 years (Dec 2019) | 69.06 years (Dec 1960) |
| Total population | 83.5M | Dec 2025 | 83.5M | 83.5M (Dec 2024) | 72.8M (Dec 1960) |
| Working-age population | 52.1M | Dec 2025 | 52.5M | 56.0M (Dec 1997) | 48.9M (Dec 1961) |
| Current account % GDP | 4.5% | Dec 2025 | 5.9% | 8.9% (Dec 2016) | -1.8% (Dec 2000) |
| Current Account Goods | $61.4B | Mar 2026 | $43.1B | $83.2B (Jun 2008) | $994.8M (Mar 1971) |
| Current Account Services | $-14.0B | Mar 2026 | $-17.3B | $8.5B (Dec 2020) | $-30.3B (Sep 2024) |
| FDI inflows | $95.2B | Dec 2025 | $62.6B | $248.0B (Dec 2000) | $-20.4B (Dec 2004) |
| Gold Reserves | $436.9B | Jul 2026 | $433.8B | $561.3B (Feb 2026) | $28.9B (Mar 2001) |
| Personal remittances, received | $23.9B | Dec 2025 | $22.2B | $23.9B (Dec 2025) | $209.9M (Dec 1971) |
| Tourism Revenues | $9.3B | Mar 2026 | $10.8B | $13.1B (Sep 2025) | $227.0M (Mar 1971) |
| CO2 emissions | 580 Mt CO₂ | Dec 2024 | 590 Mt CO₂ | 1,189 Mt CO₂ (Dec 1979) | 580 Mt CO₂ (Dec 2024) |
| Energy use per capita | 2,825 kg oil eq. per capita | Dec 2024 | 2,928 kg oil eq. per capita | 4,422 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 1990) | 2,825 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 2024) |
| Budget balance % GDP | -2.7% | Dec 2025 | -2.7% | 1.9% (Dec 2018) | -9.4% (Dec 1995) |
| Government debt % GDP | 62.9% | Dec 2025 | 62.2% | 81.0% (Dec 2010) | 39.0% (Dec 1991) |
| Military expenditure | 1.9% | Dec 2024 | 1.5% | 4.9% (Dec 1963) | 1.1% (Dec 2015) |
| Military expenditure, current USD | $88.5B | Dec 2024 | $67.3B | $88.5B (Dec 2024) | $2.7B (Dec 1960) |
| Government Spending to GDP | 50.5% | Dec 2025 | 49.4% | 55.2% (Dec 1995) | 43.5% (Dec 2007) |
| Tax revenue % GDP | 10.9% | Dec 2024 | 10.7% | 12.1% (Dec 2013) | 9.7% (Dec 1983) |
| House Price Index | 153 | Mar 2026 | 153 | 167 (Jun 2022) | 80.00 (Mar 2007) |
| House Price Index YoY | 1.4% | Mar 2026 | 2.6% | 12.7% (Dec 2021) | -10.2% (Sep 2023) |
| Policy / benchmark interest rate | 2.3% | Aug 2026 | 2.3% | 4.8% (Apr 2001) | 0.0% (Jun 2022) |
| Unemployment rate | 4.0% | Jul 2026 | 4.0% | 11.2% (Aug 2005) | 2.9% (Oct 2019) |
| Private credit / GDP | 77.3% | Dec 2023 | 81.1% | 111.2% (Dec 2001) | 76.0% (Dec 2016) |
| Official / period-average FX vs USD | 0.86 per USD | Aug 2026 | 0.88 per USD | 1.48 per USD (Mar 1985) | 0.63 per USD (Jul 2008) |
| Foreign-exchange reserves (ex-gold) | $539.8B | Jul 2026 | $534.9B | $663.7B (Feb 2026) | $81.2B (May 2001) |
| GDP From Agriculture | 106.4% | Jun 2026 | 106.9% | 132.3% (Mar 2004) | 89.9% (Mar 1994) |
| GDP From Construction | 79.9% | Jun 2026 | 79.9% | 157.0% (Dec 1994) | 79.9% (Jun 2026) |
| GDP, current prices, USD | $5.05T | Dec 2025 | $4.69T | $5.05T (Dec 2025) | $84.6B (Dec 1960) |
| Full-Year GDP Growth | 0.2% | Dec 2025 | -0.5% | 5.7% (Dec 1990) | -5.6% (Dec 2009) |
| GDP From Manufacturing | 104.4% | Jun 2026 | 103.4% | 110.6% (Dec 2017) | 68.0% (Mar 1996) |
| GDP per capita, PPP | Int$75,407 | Dec 2025 | Int$73,957 | Int$75,407 (Dec 2025) | Int$19,468 (Dec 1990) |
| GDP per capita, current USD | $60,496 | Dec 2025 | $56,104 | $60,496 (Dec 2025) | $1,162 (Dec 1960) |
| GDP, PPP, international $ | Int$6.30T | Dec 2025 | Int$6.18T | Int$6.30T (Dec 2025) | Int$1.55T (Dec 1990) |
| GDP From Public Administration | 117.5% | Jun 2026 | 116.8% | 117.5% (Jun 2026) | 70.8% (Mar 1991) |
| Real GDP growth, YoY | 0.3% | Mar 2026 | 0.4% | 11.6% (Jun 2021) | -10.7% (Jun 2020) |
| Inflation rate, CPI YoY | 2.8% | Jul 2026 | 2.3% | 8.8% (Oct 2022) | -1.0% (Jul 2020) |
| Producer Prices MoM | 0.8% | Jul 2026 | -0.2% | 4.0% (Aug 2022) | -2.0% (Oct 2001) |
| PPI / producer prices YoY | 2.0% | Apr 2026 | 0.4% | 29.5% (Aug 2022) | -6.2% (Sep 2023) |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 | 7.55 per 1,000 people | Dec 2023 | 7.64 per 1,000 people | 11.50 per 1,000 people (Dec 1980) | 7.55 per 1,000 people (Dec 2023) |
| Health expenditure % GDP | 12.3% | Dec 2024 | 11.7% | 12.7% (Dec 2021) | 9.8% (Dec 2000) |
| ICT goods exports, % of goods exports | 4.5% | Dec 2024 | 4.8% | 8.3% (Dec 2000) | 4.1% (Dec 2013) |
| ICT service exports, % of service exports | 11.5% | Dec 2025 | 11.4% | 11.5% (Dec 2025) | 0.3% (Dec 1986) |
| Industrial production YoY | -0.3% | Jun 2026 | -0.6% | 37.5% (Apr 2021) | -30.8% (Apr 2020) |
| Research & development expenditure % GDP | 3.2% | Dec 2023 | 3.1% | 3.2% (Dec 2023) | 2.1% (Dec 1996) |
| High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports | 18.0% | Dec 2024 | 17.8% | 18.1% (Dec 2016) | 15.1% (Dec 2008) |

## Full detail pages

- [Business Confidence](/germany/business-confidence.md)
- [Composite Leading Indicator](/germany/composite-leading-indicator.md)
- [Consumer Confidence](/germany/consumer-confidence.md)
- [Retail Sales MoM](/germany/retail-sales.md)
- [Retail Sales YoY](/germany/retail-sales-annual.md)
- [Age Dependency Ratio](/germany/age-dependency-ratio.md)
- [Fertility Rate](/germany/total-fertility-rate.md)
- [Life Expectancy](/germany/life-expectancy-at-birth.md)
- [Population](/germany/population.md)
- [Working-Age Population](/germany/working-age-population.md)
- [Current Account to GDP](/germany/current-account-pct-gdp.md)
- [Current Account Goods](/germany/current-account-goods.md)
- [Current Account Services](/germany/current-account-services.md)
- [FDI Inflows](/germany/fdi-inflows.md)
- [Gold Reserves](/germany/gold-reserves.md)
- [Remittances](/germany/personal-remittances-received.md)
- [Tourism Revenues](/germany/tourism-revenues.md)
- [CO2 Emissions](/germany/co2-emissions.md)
- [Energy Use per Capita](/germany/energy-use-per-capita.md)
- [Government Budget](/germany/budget-balance-pct-gdp.md)
- [Government Debt to GDP](/germany/government-debt-to-gdp.md)
- [Military Expenditure](/germany/military-expenditure.md)
- [Military Expenditure (USD)](/germany/military-expenditure-usd.md)
- [Government Spending to GDP](/germany/government-spending-to-gdp.md)
- [Tax Revenue to GDP](/germany/tax-revenue-pct-gdp.md)
- [House Price Index](/germany/house-price-index.md)
- [House Price Index YoY](/germany/house-price-index-yoy.md)
- [Interest Rate](/germany/interest-rate.md)
- [Unemployment Rate](/germany/unemployment-rate.md)
- [Private Credit to GDP](/germany/private-credit-gdp.md)
- [Exchange Rate](/germany/exchange-rate.md)
- [Foreign Exchange Reserves](/germany/foreign-exchange-reserves.md)
- [GDP From Agriculture](/germany/gdp-from-agriculture.md)
- [GDP From Construction](/germany/gdp-from-construction.md)
- [GDP](/germany/gdp.md)
- [Full-Year GDP Growth](/germany/full-year-gdp-growth.md)
- [GDP From Manufacturing](/germany/gdp-from-manufacturing.md)
- [GDP per Capita PPP](/germany/gdp-per-capita-ppp.md)
- [GDP per Capita](/germany/gdp-per-capita-current-usd.md)
- [GDP PPP](/germany/gdp-ppp-international.md)
- [GDP From Public Administration](/germany/gdp-from-public-administration.md)
- [GDP Growth Rate](/germany/gdp-growth-rate.md)
- [Inflation Rate](/germany/inflation-rate.md)
- [Producer Prices MoM](/germany/producer-prices-mom.md)
- [Producer Price Inflation](/germany/producer-price-inflation.md)
- [Hospital Beds](/germany/hospital-beds-per-1-000.md)
- [Health Expenditure](/germany/health-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [ICT Goods Exports](/germany/ict-goods-exports-share.md)
- [ICT Service Exports](/germany/ict-service-exports-share.md)
- [Industrial Production](/germany/industrial-production-yoy.md)
- [R&D Expenditure](/germany/rd-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [High-Tech Exports](/germany/high-tech-exports-share.md)

## FAQ

**What is the current inflation rate in Germany?**

Germany's consumer price inflation is 2.8% year-on-year as of Jul 2026.

**How big is Germany's economy?**

Germany's nominal GDP was $5.05T in 2025.

**What is the unemployment rate in Germany?**

Germany's unemployment rate is 4.0% as of Jul 2026.

**Where does this data come from?**

We use primary economic sources for every country. See our methodology page for how we source and verify it.

---
Full history via API: `GET https://api.economicsapi.com/v1/history?country=germany&indicator={indicator}`. Same data as an MCP tool, one per indicator.