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# Italy Economy

> Italy economic indicators: GDP $2.55T, inflation 2.9%, unemployment 5.8%, policy rate 2.3%. 52 official series with history to 1956, from… Updated Aug 2026.

## Indicators

| Indicator | Last | Date | Previous | Highest | Lowest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Business Confidence | -4.80 | Aug 2026 | -5.40 | 12.60 (Feb 1995) | -37.10 (Sep 1982) |
| Composite Leading Indicator | 99.99 | Jun 2026 | 100 | 106 (Aug 1973) | 89.92 (Apr 2020) |
| Consumer Confidence | -20.30 | Aug 2026 | -20.20 | -0.90 (Jul 2001) | -31.10 (Jun 2012) |
| Retail Sales MoM | -0.3% | Jul 2026 | 0.0% | 23.8% (May 2020) | -24.1% (Mar 2020) |
| Retail Sales YoY | -1.0% | Jul 2026 | 0.8% | 39.4% (Apr 2021) | -33.4% (Apr 2020) |
| Age-dependency ratio | 58.1% | Dec 2025 | 57.5% | 58.1% (Dec 2025) | 44.7% (Dec 1992) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.18 births per woman | Dec 2024 | 1.21 births per woman | 2.66 births per woman (Dec 1964) | 1.18 births per woman (Dec 2024) |
| Life expectancy at birth | 83.95 years | Dec 2024 | 83.35 years | 83.95 years (Dec 2024) | 69.12 years (Dec 1960) |
| Total population | 58.9M | Dec 2025 | 59.0M | 60.3M (Dec 2014) | 50.2M (Dec 1960) |
| Working-age population | 37.3M | Dec 2025 | 37.4M | 39.2M (Dec 1992) | 32.9M (Dec 1960) |
| Current account % GDP | 1.1% | Dec 2025 | 1.1% | 3.9% (Dec 2020) | -4.1% (Dec 1974) |
| Current Account Goods | $13.5B | Mar 2026 | $16.6B | $25.9B (Dec 2020) | $-16.9B (Sep 2022) |
| Current Account Services | $-5.6B | Mar 2026 | $-7.7B | $4.7B (Sep 2023) | $-7.7B (Dec 2025) |
| FDI inflows | $882.9M | Dec 2025 | $28.5B | $66.0B (Dec 2007) | $-17.1B (Dec 2020) |
| Gold Reserves | $319.8B | Jul 2026 | $317.6B | $410.8B (Feb 2026) | $20.3B (Mar 2001) |
| Personal remittances, received | $12.8B | Dec 2025 | $12.1B | $12.8B (Dec 2025) | $1.2B (Dec 1974) |
| Tourism Revenues | $10.7B | Mar 2026 | $12.0B | $25.2B (Sep 2025) | $248.0M (Mar 1970) |
| CO2 emissions | 299 Mt CO₂ | Dec 2024 | 304 Mt CO₂ | 493 Mt CO₂ (Dec 2005) | 295 Mt CO₂ (Dec 2020) |
| Energy use per capita | 2,231 kg oil eq. per capita | Dec 2024 | 2,298 kg oil eq. per capita | 3,204 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 2005) | 2,231 kg oil eq. per capita (Dec 2024) |
| Budget balance % GDP | -3.1% | Dec 2025 | -3.4% | -1.3% (Dec 2007) | -11.1% (Dec 1990) |
| Government debt % GDP | 137.1% | Dec 2025 | 134.7% | 154.4% (Dec 2020) | 95.7% (Dec 1988) |
| Military expenditure | 1.6% | Dec 2024 | 1.6% | 3.0% (Dec 1966) | 1.2% (Dec 2015) |
| Military expenditure, current USD | $38.0B | Dec 2024 | $36.9B | $38.0B (Dec 2024) | $1.0B (Dec 1960) |
| Government Spending to GDP | 51.1% | Dec 2025 | 50.4% | 57.8% (Dec 1993) | 46.4% (Dec 2000) |
| Tax revenue % GDP | 25.6% | Dec 2024 | 24.7% | 26.2% (Dec 1993) | 12.5% (Dec 1973) |
| House Price Index | 119 | Mar 2026 | 118 | 121 (Jun 2011) | 97.70 (Mar 2019) |
| House Price Index YoY | 5.2% | Mar 2026 | 4.0% | 5.2% (Mar 2026) | -7.1% (Mar 2013) |
| Policy / benchmark interest rate | 2.3% | Aug 2026 | 2.3% | 4.8% (Apr 2001) | 0.0% (Jun 2022) |
| Unemployment rate | 5.8% | Jul 2026 | 5.8% | 13.1% (Nov 2014) | 5.4% (May 2026) |
| Private credit / GDP | 60.3% | Dec 2024 | 63.1% | 93.6% (Dec 2011) | 60.1% (Dec 2001) |
| Official / period-average FX vs USD | 0.86 per USD | Aug 2026 | 0.88 per USD | 1.48 per USD (Mar 1985) | 0.63 per USD (Jul 2008) |
| Foreign-exchange reserves (ex-gold) | $414.5B | Jul 2026 | $412.6B | $501.2B (Feb 2026) | $46.0B (Jul 2001) |
| GDP From Agriculture | 92.2% | Jun 2026 | 92.4% | 106.8% (Dec 1999) | 88.0% (Sep 2023) |
| GDP From Construction | 159.6% | Jun 2026 | 157.2% | 168.6% (Dec 2006) | 84.2% (Jun 2020) |
| GDP, current prices, USD | $2.55T | Dec 2025 | $2.38T | $2.55T (Dec 2025) | $42.0B (Dec 1960) |
| Full-Year GDP Growth | 0.5% | Dec 2025 | 0.8% | 8.9% (Dec 2021) | -8.9% (Dec 2020) |
| GDP From Manufacturing | 108.3% | Jun 2026 | 109.2% | 120.3% (Mar 2008) | 71.4% (Jun 2020) |
| GDP per capita, PPP | Int$62,803 | Dec 2025 | Int$62,293 | Int$62,803 (Dec 2025) | Int$18,680 (Dec 1990) |
| GDP per capita, current USD | $43,309 | Dec 2025 | $40,430 | $43,309 (Dec 2025) | $837 (Dec 1960) |
| GDP, PPP, international $ | Int$3.70T | Dec 2025 | Int$3.67T | Int$3.70T (Dec 2025) | Int$1.06T (Dec 1990) |
| GDP From Public Administration | 100.0% | Jun 2026 | 100.0% | 105.6% (Jun 2009) | 90.9% (Jun 2020) |
| Real GDP growth, YoY | 0.8% | Mar 2026 | 0.9% | 19.3% (Jun 2021) | -18.1% (Jun 2020) |
| Inflation rate, CPI YoY | 2.9% | Jul 2026 | 3.0% | 25.2% (Nov 1974) | -2.0% (Jul 1959) |
| Producer Prices MoM | 2.7% | Jul 2026 | 0.3% | 11.0% (Jan 2022) | -10.2% (Jan 2023) |
| PPI / producer prices YoY | 6.8% | Apr 2026 | 4.2% | 41.8% (Sep 2022) | -16.0% (Dec 2023) |
| Hospital beds per 1,000 | 3.06 per 1,000 people | Dec 2022 | 3.09 per 1,000 people | 10.60 per 1,000 people (Dec 1975) | 3.06 per 1,000 people (Dec 2022) |
| Health expenditure % GDP | 8.4% | Dec 2024 | 8.4% | 9.6% (Dec 2020) | 7.5% (Dec 2000) |
| ICT goods exports, % of goods exports | 2.3% | Dec 2024 | 2.1% | 4.5% (Dec 2000) | 1.6% (Dec 2014) |
| ICT service exports, % of service exports | 6.3% | Dec 2025 | 5.9% | 10.4% (Dec 2020) | 0.4% (Dec 1990) |
| Industrial production YoY | -0.5% | Jun 2026 | 1.1% | 79.3% (Apr 2021) | -44.0% (Apr 2020) |
| Research & development expenditure % GDP | 1.4% | Dec 2023 | 1.4% | 1.5% (Dec 2020) | 0.9% (Dec 1996) |
| High-technology exports, % of manufactured exports | 12.3% | Dec 2024 | 10.0% | 12.3% (Dec 2024) | 6.7% (Dec 2008) |

## Full detail pages

- [Business Confidence](/italy/business-confidence.md)
- [Composite Leading Indicator](/italy/composite-leading-indicator.md)
- [Consumer Confidence](/italy/consumer-confidence.md)
- [Retail Sales MoM](/italy/retail-sales.md)
- [Retail Sales YoY](/italy/retail-sales-annual.md)
- [Age Dependency Ratio](/italy/age-dependency-ratio.md)
- [Fertility Rate](/italy/total-fertility-rate.md)
- [Life Expectancy](/italy/life-expectancy-at-birth.md)
- [Population](/italy/population.md)
- [Working-Age Population](/italy/working-age-population.md)
- [Current Account to GDP](/italy/current-account-pct-gdp.md)
- [Current Account Goods](/italy/current-account-goods.md)
- [Current Account Services](/italy/current-account-services.md)
- [FDI Inflows](/italy/fdi-inflows.md)
- [Gold Reserves](/italy/gold-reserves.md)
- [Remittances](/italy/personal-remittances-received.md)
- [Tourism Revenues](/italy/tourism-revenues.md)
- [CO2 Emissions](/italy/co2-emissions.md)
- [Energy Use per Capita](/italy/energy-use-per-capita.md)
- [Government Budget](/italy/budget-balance-pct-gdp.md)
- [Government Debt to GDP](/italy/government-debt-to-gdp.md)
- [Military Expenditure](/italy/military-expenditure.md)
- [Military Expenditure (USD)](/italy/military-expenditure-usd.md)
- [Government Spending to GDP](/italy/government-spending-to-gdp.md)
- [Tax Revenue to GDP](/italy/tax-revenue-pct-gdp.md)
- [House Price Index](/italy/house-price-index.md)
- [House Price Index YoY](/italy/house-price-index-yoy.md)
- [Interest Rate](/italy/interest-rate.md)
- [Unemployment Rate](/italy/unemployment-rate.md)
- [Private Credit to GDP](/italy/private-credit-gdp.md)
- [Exchange Rate](/italy/exchange-rate.md)
- [Foreign Exchange Reserves](/italy/foreign-exchange-reserves.md)
- [GDP From Agriculture](/italy/gdp-from-agriculture.md)
- [GDP From Construction](/italy/gdp-from-construction.md)
- [GDP](/italy/gdp.md)
- [Full-Year GDP Growth](/italy/full-year-gdp-growth.md)
- [GDP From Manufacturing](/italy/gdp-from-manufacturing.md)
- [GDP per Capita PPP](/italy/gdp-per-capita-ppp.md)
- [GDP per Capita](/italy/gdp-per-capita-current-usd.md)
- [GDP PPP](/italy/gdp-ppp-international.md)
- [GDP From Public Administration](/italy/gdp-from-public-administration.md)
- [GDP Growth Rate](/italy/gdp-growth-rate.md)
- [Inflation Rate](/italy/inflation-rate.md)
- [Producer Prices MoM](/italy/producer-prices-mom.md)
- [Producer Price Inflation](/italy/producer-price-inflation.md)
- [Hospital Beds](/italy/hospital-beds-per-1-000.md)
- [Health Expenditure](/italy/health-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [ICT Goods Exports](/italy/ict-goods-exports-share.md)
- [ICT Service Exports](/italy/ict-service-exports-share.md)
- [Industrial Production](/italy/industrial-production-yoy.md)
- [R&D Expenditure](/italy/rd-expenditure-pct-gdp.md)
- [High-Tech Exports](/italy/high-tech-exports-share.md)

## FAQ

**What is the current inflation rate in Italy?**

Italy's consumer price inflation is 2.9% year-on-year as of Jul 2026.

**How big is Italy's economy?**

Italy's nominal GDP was $2.55T in 2025.

**What is the unemployment rate in Italy?**

Italy's unemployment rate is 5.8% as of Jul 2026.

**Where does this data come from?**

We use primary economic sources for every country. See our methodology page for how we source and verify it.

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Full history via API: `GET https://api.economicsapi.com/v1/history?country=italy&indicator={indicator}`. Same data as an MCP tool, one per indicator.